Off-Gassing in Wool Products: What You Need to Know
Key Takeaways
What is Off-Gassing? The release of VOCs or other gases from materials like foams and plastics.
Wool’s Advantage: Naturally low in VOCs, wool is a safer, healthier option.
Synthetic Risks: Many synthetic products release harmful chemicals over time.
Healthier Air Quality: Wool enhances indoor air quality by avoiding off-gassing.
Sustainability: Wool is a renewable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly material.
“Wool is the world’s best natural dehumidifier”
- Nicky Hansen
What Is Off-Gassing, and how does it impact people?
Off-gassing refers to the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from materials used in home products. VOCs are chemicals that can vaporise at room temperature, often found in synthetic foams, adhesives, and plastics. These emissions can cause a variety of health issues, including:
Headaches
Allergies or asthma flare-ups
Eye, nose, or throat irritation
Long-term respiratory problems with prolonged exposure
Why Does Off-Gassing Happen?
Off-gassing occurs because many synthetic products rely on petroleum-based chemicals or adhesives. These compounds slowly break down over time, releasing VOCs into the air. Common culprits include:
Non-latex, synthetic, Memory Foam Mattresses
Synthetic Upholstery
Paints and Finishes
Adhesives in Laminated Products
Does Wool Off-Gas?
The good news is that wool products are naturally resistant to off-gassing. Pure, untreated wool is generally considered very low in VOCs—if not effectively VOC-free—because it’s a natural fibre that doesn’t require the same chemical processing as many synthetics. That said, there are a couple of caveats:
Chemical Treatments or Dyes
Wool can sometimes be treated with flame retardants, dyes, or other finishes that may release small amounts of VOCs. In these cases, the wool itself isn’t the source, but the added chemicals might be off-gas. Make sure to use pure wool that is not chemically treated with a fire retardant. See our article and video on how to tell here.
Processing Residues
Residues from scouring agents or cleaning processes used to wash raw wool could, in theory, contribute to trace levels of VOCs. High-quality, ethically sourced wool typically sees minimal chemical involvement.
Blending
Some manufacturers will blend synthetics in with wool, and this means the blend has a higher rate of off-gassing as well as creating more microplastics in the environment.
Absorbing VOCs Rather Than Emitting Them
One cool aspect of wool is that it can actually absorb certain airborne pollutants (including some VOCs) and temporarily trap them in its fibres. This doesn’t make it a magic air purifier, but it does underscore that wool can be relatively “VOC-friendly” in indoor environments.
Why Wool Is a Safe Choice:
Minimal Processing: High-quality wool products undergo simple cleaning and scouring processes, avoiding harsh chemicals.
Natural Composition: Wool’s organic structure makes it inherently low in VOCs.
Moisture Management: Wool fibres breathe, reducing the buildup of odours or emissions.
How Wool Improves Indoor Air Quality
Wool not only avoids harmful off-gassing but also contributes to healthier indoor environments:
1. Odour Absorption
Wool fibres can trap and neutralise odours, including those from VOCs in surrounding materials, helping to clean, freshen and neutralise the air naturally.
2. Temperature Regulation
Wool’s ability to regulate humidity and temperature creates a more balanced indoor atmosphere.
3. Allergen Control
Unlike synthetics, wool resists dust mites and mould growth, reducing allergens in the home.
The Contrast: Wool vs. Synthetic Products
| Feature | Wool | Synthetics |
|---|---|---|
| VOC Emissions | Negligible | High |
| Processing | Minimal chemical treatment | Extensive with adhesives, dyes |
| Eco-Friendliness | Biodegradable, renewable | Petroleum-based, non-renewable |
Applications for Low-Emission Wool Products
Mattresses and Bedding: Wool provides support, breathability, and safety without VOCs.
Carpets and Rugs: Wool carpets are durable and emit no harmful chemicals, making them ideal for homes with children or pets.
Furniture Upholstery: Wool’s natural flame resistance eliminates the need for chemical flame retardants.
Insulation: Wool insulation regulates temperature while maintaining indoor air quality.
Tips for Reducing Off-Gassing at Home
To create a healthier living space, consider the following steps:
Choose Natural Materials: Opt for wool, cotton, and other organic textiles.
Ventilate New Items: Air out mattresses by leaving them unmade occasionally. Air out bedding, duvets and cushions.
Check Certifications: Look for certifications like the Wisewool™ Brand Mark.
Avoid Treated Fabrics: Minimize exposure to materials treated with flame retardants or stain-proof chemicals.
In Summary
Off-gassing can significantly impact your indoor environment and health. Choosing wool products is a proactive step toward reducing VOCs in your home while benefiting from wool’s natural properties like breathability, durability, and sustainability.
Explore our range of natural wool products designed for healthier homes and better living.